Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Procedure

What is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized medical procedure used to examine and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. ERCP combines two procedures: endoscopy and fluoroscopy. It involves inserting a small scope with a camera into the digestive organs. A small endoscope is then inserted to inject a contrast dye into the bile duct, which the doctor then examines under an X-ray screen to observe and diagnose the disease.

Indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is indicated for patients with bile duct problems such as gallstones, chronic pancreatitis, or bile duct leakage.

• Detection and removal of stones in the bile duct: This is the most common indication for ERCP. The procedure helps identify the presence of stones and can remove them if necessary.
• Diagnosis and treatment of bile duct inflammation: ERCP can be used to diagnose and perform drainage procedures if required.
• Suspected bile duct obstruction: When there are signs of obstruction, ERCP can help determine the cause and extent of the blockage, allowing for appropriate treatment.
• Treatment of pancreatic issues: ERCP may also be indicated for treating conditions such as pancreatitis or strictures of the pancreatic duct. In more severe cases of cancer, patients need to have an endoscopic ultrasound pancreas for the most accurate results.
• Emergency treatment for bile duct infection: If a patient shows symptoms of suspected bile duct infection, ERCP may be performed urgently for diagnosis and treatment.
• Post-surgical monitoring: ERCP can also monitor a patient’s condition after surgeries related to the bile ducts or pancreas.

How is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed?

The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure at Hanoi French Hospital is carried out in a complete 6-step process:

• Step 1: Schedule a consultation with a specialist
• Step 2: Share personal information and health status so that the anesthesiologist can prepare the appropriate dose of anesthetic.
• Step 3: The patient signs the confirmation form.
• Step 4: Perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. After the patient is anesthetized, the doctor will insert an endoscope with a camera and inject contrast dye to gain a clearer observation.
• Step 5: Recover after endoscopy in the recovery room.
• Step 6: The doctor returns the results and explanations.

Complications of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Although ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) is a commonly performed procedure with a high success rate, it is not without potential complications. Here are some important complications that both patients and physicians should be aware of:

• Bile duct infection (cholangitis) is one of the most common complications after ERCP. It often arises from the accumulation of bile or stones in the bile duct, leading to infection. Patients may experience fever, abdominal pain, and jaundice. If these symptoms occur, it is crucial to contact a physician immediately.
• Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain is a common complication after ERCP. The pain may be caused by the procedure itself or by other issues related to the bile duct and pancreas. The pain can range from mild to severe. If the pain becomes severe or lasts longer than 24 hours, patients should seek medical attention.
• Bleeding: Bleeding can occur during the procedure or after its completion. This may result from damage to tissues or blood vessels during the endoscopy. Patients should be alert for signs of bleeding, such as passing blood in the stool or having black, tarry stools.
• Perforation of the digestive tract: Although rare, perforation of the digestive tract can occur during ERCP, leading to a serious condition that requires immediate surgical intervention. Patients may experience severe abdominal pain, often accompanied by fever or vomiting.
• Reactions to anesthesia: Some patients may experience adverse reactions to the anesthesia used during the procedure. These reactions can include allergic responses or respiratory issues. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, rash, or chest pain.
• Complications related to underlying health conditions: Patients with underlying health issues, such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, or sleep apnea, may have a higher risk of complications during ERCP.

With detailed information about endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, patients can easily learn about their disease. Consider and consult a specialist for more advice.