What is the main focus of gynaecology?
Gynaecology is a medical specialty dedicated to diagnosing, treating, and managing issues related to the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina. It also addresses hormonal disorders and conditions affecting a woman’s well-being. Overall, the main focus of gynaecology includes:
- Preventative care: Conducting a routine gynecological screening to detect early signs of diseases.
- Diagnosis and treatment: Addressing disorders related to menstrual health, reproductive health or menopause.
- Surgical care: Gynaecologists may sometimes perform procedures like hysterectomies, laparoscopies, and treatment for bloodstained gynaecological conditions.
- Pregnancy and fertility care: Collaborating with obstetricians to support healthy pregnancies and help couples overcome infertility challenges.
Most common problems in gynaecology
If a woman has irregular periods, her period lasts longer than usual, or she experiences heavier bleeding, there may be some gynecological issue happening. Also, signs like pain or discomfort in the vaginal area, unusual discharge, or a bad smell down there can be signs of a gynecological problem that women should pay attention to.
- Vaginitis: Vaginitis is a common condition causing discomfort, often due to yeast infections or hormone imbalances in sexually active women. Symptoms include thick, smelly discharge, unusual color, itching, and burning.
- Cervicitis: Cervicitis is common in sexually active women or those who have given birth. It can affect fertility. Early symptoms may be mild, like abnormal discharge, bad odor, or pain during sex, so it’s important to see a doctor.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS, a leading cause of infertility, affects women of reproductive age and can cause irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, hair loss, and weight gain.
- Uterine fibroids: Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus, mostly in women aged 30 to 50. Small fibroids often cause no problems, but larger ones may need surgery. Symptoms include abnormal bleeding, stomach pain, and lumps.
- Ovarian cysts: Symptoms include abdominal pain, abnormal discharge, and bleeding. Smaller cysts may go away on their own, but larger ones may need surgery.
- Endometriosis: Endometriosis occurs when uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain, abnormal bleeding, and possible infertility. It can be treated with medication or surgery, depending on the situation.
- Cervical cancer: Cervical cancer is common in Vietnam and is caused by the HPV virus. It leads to abnormal cell growth in the cervix and can result in benign or cancerous tumors.
- Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): STDs like genital warts, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea can cause gynecological issues, inflammation, and complications during pregnancy. They can spread if untreated.
Typical causes of gynecological diseases
Gynecological problems can be caused by different factors like hormone imbalances, infections, or abnormal growths. These issues can range from mild to more serious and can affect a woman’s health and daily life.
- Hormonal imbalances: Stress, anxiety, pregnancy, menopause, or irregular periods can upset hormone levels, making it easier for infections to occur. When hormones are out of balance, women are more likely to develop gynecological problems.
- Unprotected sexual activity: Having multiple partners, unprotected sex, or using unclean sex toys can introduce harmful bacteria into the body, raising the risk of infections.
- Genetic predisposition: Family history of conditions like PCOS or endometriosis may increase individual risk.
- Infections: Infections, particularly those caused by bacteria, viruses, or yeast, are common causes of gynecological diseases.
- Lifestyle factors: Poor hygiene, like not cleaning the genital area properly, washing too much, using douches, wearing tight underwear, or not changing underwear often, can create conditions for bacteria and fungi to grow, leading to infections.
- Direct Transmission: Sharing clothes, using shared showers, bathing with someone who has an infection, or having unprotected sex can spread infections and increase the risk of gynecological issues.
Additionally, medical procedures like abortions or other surgeries involving the genital area can sometimes lead to gynecological problems.
When should you see a gynaecology specialist?
It is commonly recommended for women to visit a gynecologist annually starting at around age 15. They should begin having a full annual check-up by age 21 and get tested for cervical cancer every few years after that. However, many people don’t visit the gynaecology specialist regularly, but only do so at critical times.
- Before marriage: Reproductive health is very important in marriage. Getting a health checkup before marriage can help identify any infections or health issues that might affect fertility or married life.
- Before trying to get pregnant: It’s important to get checked before pregnancy to catch any issues in the mother’s reproductive system. This helps prevent infections from affecting the baby and ensures both the mother and baby stay healthy during pregnancy.
- When you notice abnormal symptoms: If you experience symptoms like itching, pain (especially after sex), unusual vaginal discharge with a strange color or smell, or irregular periods, it’s a good idea to see a gynaecologist.
Moreover, unless it’s an urgent situation, you should avoid scheduling a gynecological check-up during your period or ovulation to get the most accurate results. By consulting professionals at trusted gynaecology clinics, you can ensure proper care at every life stage.
How to avoid gynecological conditions?
Taking proactive steps is always a wise choice to protect yourself from gynecological diseases. It is the best way to save money, stay healthy, and maintain a good relationship with your partner.
- Keep clean: Good hygiene is key to preventing gynecological issues. Clean your vaginal area regularly and wear breathable underwear to avoid moisture build-up that can lead to infections. Always practice safe sex to protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Stay at a healthy weight: Too much fat around your pelvic area can lead to gynecological problems. You can avoid this by maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and eating a balanced diet. Add foods like leafy greens, ginger, and turmeric to reduce inflammation. Try to limit dairy, gluten, red meat, and alcohol.
- Pay attention to unusual symptoms: If you notice any abnormal bleeding, severe cramps, or other unusual symptoms, don’t ignore them. You should visit a doctor as soon as possible for a check-up because they could be signs of a serious issue.
- Skip harsh chemicals: Avoid using strong chemicals like scented intimate washes. Your vagina naturally cleans itself, and using harsh products can upset the balance of good bacteria. Simply use mild soap or just water to clean the area.
- Get regular check-ups: Women over 21 should have regular gynecological check-ups. It’s a good idea to see a gynecologist every 6 months for exams like pelvic and breast checks. These visits help catch any early signs of problems so they can be treated sooner. The check-up may include a gynaecological ultrasound scan or pelvic exam.
Gynaecology plays a key role in preserving a woman’s reproductive health. Regular visits to a gynaecology specialist, understanding potential health risks, and adopting preventive care practices are crucial steps in ensuring long-term well-being. By taking proactive steps early, women can prevent serious health issues and enjoy healthier, happier lives.