Preeclampsia – A Dangerous Pregnancy Complication

What is preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a serious complication during pregnancy, typically occurring after the 20th week. It is characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria). If not detected and treated promptly, preeclampsia can affect vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, brain, and placenta, posing serious risks to both the mother and the baby.

Symptoms of preeclampsia

Common symptoms of preeclampsia include:

High blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg)
Protein in the urine
Swelling of the hands, feet, and face
Severe headaches
Blurred vision, light sensitivity, or seeing spots
Pain in the upper right abdomen
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Causes and risk factors

The exact cause of preeclampsia remains unknown, but impaired blood flow to the placenta is believed to be a contributing factor. Some identified risk factors include:

High risk:
History of hypertension, kidney disease, or diabetes
Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.)
Autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus
Preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy

Moderate risk:
First-time pregnancy
Obesity
Maternal age over 35
Family history of preeclampsia
Previous pregnancy complications such as preterm birth or low birth weight

Diagnosis of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is often detected during routine prenatal checkups. If suspected, your doctor may order additional tests, such as:

Blood tests to assess liver and kidney function
24-hour urine collection to measure protein levels
Ultrasound to monitor fetal growth and amniotic fluid levels

Treatment for preeclampsia

Treatment depends on gestational age and severity of the condition:

If the pregnancy is at or beyond 37 weeks, early delivery may be recommended for the safety of both mother and baby

If the pregnancy is under 34 weeks, close monitoring is required. Medications may be used to prolong the pregnancy and support fetal development

Common treatments include antihypertensive drugs and corticosteroids to accelerate lung maturity in the fetus

In severe cases, hospitalization or emergency delivery may be necessary

Prevention of preeclampsia

Maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy
Control blood pressure and blood sugar if you have underlying conditions
Follow a balanced, low-sodium diet and engage in light exercise
For high-risk individuals, doctors may prescribe low-dose aspirin as a preventive measure

Conclusion

Preeclampsia is a dangerous pregnancy complication, but it can be effectively managed if detected early and treated appropriately. Regular prenatal care, close monitoring of symptoms, and open communication with your doctor are crucial to protecting both maternal and fetal health.

Hanoi French Hospital offers comprehensive maternity care services, supported by a team of experienced obstetricians and state-of-the-art medical equipment. Book your appointment today to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy.

View maternity packages from Hanoi French Hospital at:
https://www.hfh.com.vn/vi/san-pham/chuong-trinh-thai-san.html