Hypertonia

What Is Hypertonia?

Hypertonia is a condition in which muscles exhibit excessive tension, making it difficult for them to relax naturally. This results in stiff limbs, impeding movement and fine motor skills. Hypertonia is often a sign of a problem with the central nervous system.

Muscle tone refers to the resistance of muscles to passive movement while at rest. In a healthy individual, muscles maintain a certain level of tone, regulated by the central nervous system, which sends signals from the brain through nerves to control muscle function.

Muscle tone plays a critical role in maintaining balance, enabling movement, and supporting fine motor activities. In children with hypertonia, the body may appear stiff and less mobile than normal.

Causes of Hypertonia in Infants

Hypertonia in infants may be caused by:

• Traumatic brain injury, stroke, or exposure to toxins that damage the brain, often resulting from head trauma.
• Brain tumors or neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy, meningitis, or oxygen deprivation during birth.
• Abnormal brain development during pregnancy.
• Disruptions in nerve-to-muscle signaling.
• Metabolic disorders, such as calcium or magnesium deficiencies.

Hypertonia in newborns can be classified into three main types: spasticity, dystonia, and rigidity. To determine the specific type, doctors need to perform a detailed examination of the infant’s arms and legs.

Is Hypertonia Dangerous?

Hypertonia can significantly impact a child’s quality of life and may lead to serious complications if left untreated. Affected children may struggle with balance, gripping objects, or performing basic tasks, potentially becoming dependent on caregivers for daily activities.

In cases of physiological hypertonia in newborns, the condition may improve with early intervention. However, in cases of neck or trunk hypertonia, the risk of cerebral palsy may increase.

Common Signs of Hypertonia in Children

• Limbs held close to the body: Children may be unable to extend their arms or legs naturally and tend to keep them tightly against the torso.
• Excessive muscle strength: Hands may remain tightly clenched, and joints may become stiff and difficult to move.
• Difficulty flexing muscles around joints: The child may struggle to maintain posture or balance when sitting or standing.
• Joint locking or hyperextension: Stiff muscles can cause joints to lock in a fixed position, restricting mobility.

Doctors assess coordination, muscle control, reflexes, and motor skills. Additional tests such as MRI, CT scan, electromyography (EMG), and a review of family medical history may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for Hypertonia in Children

Treatment depends on the severity and type of hypertonia. Approaches may include:

• Physical therapy: A key method to control hypertonia and stimulate motor neurons. Therapy focuses on body awareness and promoting basic motor functions.
• Medication: Drugs such as Baclofen (for spinal spasticity), Diazepam, or Dantrolene (targets muscle fibers) may be prescribed under medical supervision.

Timely intervention can help children meet physical milestones and improve independence. However, in severe cases, long-term effects on mobility may persist.

Parental cooperation with healthcare professionals is essential in managing hypertonia. Although the condition cannot be entirely prevented, proper prenatal and postnatal care may reduce the risk.

Consider HFH’s Maternity Program

Hanoi French Hospital offers comprehensive maternity packages designed with structured care before, during, and after birth. Led by experienced obstetricians, the program ensures peace of mind throughout your pregnancy journey.

Note: This article is for reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Hypertonia requires early recognition and intervention to prevent long-term impairment. If your child shows any warning signs, consult a specialist promptly for evaluation and appropriate care.